NASA announced on Tuesday that it has selected SpaceX to build a vessel designed to carry the International Space Station (ISS) back through Earth’s atmosphere to its final resting place in the Pacific Ocean after its retirement in 2030.
Elon Musk’s company has been awarded a contract valued at up to $843 million to develop and deliver the spaceship, which will be known as the US Deorbit Vehicle.
“Selecting a US Deorbit Vehicle for the International Space Station will help NASA and its international partners ensure a safe and responsible transition in low Earth orbit at the end of station operations,” said NASA’s Ken Bowersox in a statement.
NASA plans to take ownership of the spacecraft after SpaceX builds it and will control operations throughout the mission.
Weighing 430,000 kilograms (950,000 pounds), the ISS is by far the largest single structure ever built in space. The first segment of the ISS was launched in 1998, and it has been continuously inhabited by an international crew since 2001.
NASA engineers expect the orbital outpost to break up in three stages based on past observations of how other stations, such as Mir and Skylab, disintegrated on atmospheric re-entry. First, the massive solar arrays and the radiators that keep the orbital lab cool will come off. Then, individual modules will break off from the truss, or the station’s backbone structure. Finally, the truss and the modules themselves will tear apart.
Much of the material will be vaporized, but large pieces are expected to survive. For this reason, NASA is aiming for an area of the Pacific Ocean called Point Nemo, one of the most remote areas of the world and known as the graveyard of satellites and spaceships.
The US, Japan, Canada, and participating countries of the European Space Agency (ESA) have committed to operating the microgravity lab through 2030. However, Russia, the fifth partner, has only committed to operations through 2028. Given the dire state of US-Russia ties, NASA chief Bill Nelson told Congress in April that it would be prudent to begin work on a US deorbit vehicle to “get the whole station down safely, so it won’t hit anybody or anything.”
Several companies are working on commercial successors to the ISS, including notably Axiom Space and Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin.
This bold move marks a significant step towards ensuring a controlled and safe decommissioning of the ISS, emphasizing the importance of responsible space operations and the continued collaboration between international space agencies and commercial partners.
