Chemicals discovered in common household disinfectants, glues, and furniture textiles may harm supporting cells in the brain during crucial developmental stages, as per a recent study using human cell cultures and mice.
Commencing with a pool of 1,823 compounds of unknown toxicity found in the environment, Erin Cohn, a molecular biologist at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio, alongside colleagues, pinpointed two classes of chemicals that either killed or impeded the maturation of cells called oligodendrocytes in lab settings.
Oligodendrocytes, which envelop neurons to create an insulating covering facilitating rapid brain signal transmission, proved vulnerable to these chemicals. One identified class comprised quaternary compounds, commonly used in disinfectant sprays, wipes, and personal care products to combat bacteria and viruses. The other class included organophosphates, commonly present in textiles, glues, and household items, potentially infiltrating the brain through off-gassing into indoor air.
Experiments on mice revealed that exposure to certain quaternary compounds resulted in detectable levels of these chemicals in brain tissue, with subsequent decreased oligodendrocyte numbers. Similar outcomes were observed in human stem cell-derived brain organoids. “We found that oligodendrocytes – but not other brain cells – are surprisingly vulnerable to quaternary ammonium compounds and organophosphate flame retardants,” noted Cohn.
While experts caution against immediate alarm, given the concentrations used in the study exceed typical human exposure levels, concerns arise due to heightened exposure among specific groups such as school and hospital cleaners. Recent research indicates increased levels of quaternary compounds during the pandemic, likely due to extensive disinfectant use.
Quaternary compounds and organophosphate flame retardants are flagged as emerging concerns due to their structural diversity and wide environmental presence. Further investigation is urged, particularly regarding their impact on children’s neurodevelopment. The study underscores the need to understand the health effects of these compounds, especially during critical developmental periods, as the developing central nervous system is highly susceptible to environmental insults.
The findings have been published in Nature Neuroscience.
